受补贴可再生电力 GO 的 EECS 政策

Ireland does not issue Guarantees of Origin for installations receiving support under the REFIT (Renewable Energy Feed-In Tariff) or RESS (Renewable Electricity Support Scheme) programs. The policy is that supported installations have already been compensated for the renewable attribute via the support payment, so issuing a GO would allow double-counting. Only non-supported or post-support installations are eligible for GOs. EirGrid/SEMO administers the Irish GO system.

Estonia issues GOs for all renewable energy production, including those receiving support subsidies. Elering AS operates the Estonian GO registry and is a member of the AIB. Under Estonian law, supported producers are entitled to GOs, and these can be freely traded on the European GO market. Estonia's policy reflects a broad approach to GO issuance consistent with EU Directive requirements.

Austria issues Guarantees of Origin for all renewable energy production regardless of support status. Installations receiving investment support (e.g. investment grants) or operating support under the OeMAG feed-in tariff or market premium scheme are eligible for GOs. The GO is transferred to e-control and may be cancelled or re-issued depending on the support mechanism. Austria follows the AIB EECS rules and considers GOs compatible with subsidised production as long as no double-counting of environmental attributes occurs.

Bulgaria issues GOs for renewable energy production, but eligibility for supported installations depends on the type of support received. Installations under the feed-in tariff scheme are generally not eligible to receive GOs (or must transfer them). Installations under the premium scheme may retain GOs. The Bulgarian regulator (KEVR) administers the GO registry and applies national rules that partially align with the EU Renewable Energy Directive requirements.

In Wallonia, GOs are issued for supported renewable energy production. However, when a producer benefits from the green certificate support scheme, the GO is transferred to CWaPE (the Walloon regulator) rather than being retained by the producer. CWaPE then sells or auctions these GOs, and the revenue is used to partially offset the cost of the support scheme. This ensures that the environmental attribute (the GO) does not remain with the producer who has already been compensated for the green value via support.

In Flanders, GOs are issued for supported renewable production. Producers receiving green certificates (groenestroomcertificaten) under the Flemish support scheme must transfer their GOs to VREG (the Flemish energy regulator). VREG manages the GO revenues to reduce the net cost of the support mechanism. This policy prevents double-benefiting from both the support scheme value and the voluntary green electricity market.

At the federal level in Belgium, CREG oversees offshore wind installations. Federal offshore wind farms typically receive support through a federal marine concession and regulatory framework. GO issuance for offshore federal installations follows a specific regime. As of the latest data, CREG does not directly issue GOs for federally supported offshore production in the same manner as the regional bodies. The situation is subject to ongoing regulatory review.

Poland issues GOs but eligibility for supported installations depends on the support type. Installations participating in the Polish renewable energy auction system (RES auctions under the RES Act) that receive a contract for difference are restricted from simultaneously receiving GOs during the support period. Installations receiving other forms of support may be eligible. URE (Urząd Regulacji Energetyki) administers the registry. The policy is evolving to align with EU Directive 2018/2001.

Denmark issues Guarantees of Origin for all renewable energy production including supported installations. Energinet administers the GO registry. Producers receiving premium support (formerly feed-in premiums) are still entitled to receive GOs. Denmark has been a pioneer in the GO market and has consistently allowed supported producers to retain and trade their GOs. Denmark is an active member of the AIB EECS scheme.

Germany explicitly prohibits issuing Guarantees of Origin for installations receiving support under the Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG). The Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency) administers the German GO registry. The rationale is that EEG support already compensates producers for the 'green' value of their electricity, and issuing a GO would allow double-monetization of the environmental attribute. Only non-EEG-supported installations (merchant plants, post-support installations, or installations that waive EEG support) can receive GOs in Germany.

France issues GOs for supported renewable energy production, but the GO must be transferred to the market operator (EDF OA or the complement de remuneration system administrator). RTE (Réseau de Transport d'Électricité) issues the GOs, which are then transferred to the state/market operator and auctioned. This policy ensures that the green premium embedded in the GO value contributes to offsetting public support costs. The producer receives the support payment but does not retain the GO.

Finland issues Guarantees of Origin for all renewable electricity regardless of support status. The Energy Authority (Energiavirasto) administers the registry. Finland participates in the AIB EECS scheme. Supported installations under the Finnish premium tariff system are fully eligible to receive and trade GOs. Finnish policy does not require producers to transfer GOs to any authority as a condition of receiving support.

The Netherlands issues GOs for all renewable electricity production including supported installations. CertiQ (a subsidiary of TenneT) administers the Dutch GO registry. The SDE++ support scheme does not prevent producers from receiving GOs. The Netherlands is one of the largest GO markets in Europe and a member of the AIB EECS scheme. Dutch policy explicitly allows GO issuance alongside SDE++ support.

The Czech Republic does not issue Guarantees of Origin for installations receiving state support (feed-in tariffs or green bonuses under Act No. 165/2012 Coll.). The Energy Regulatory Office (ERU) maintains a GO registry, but supported installations are explicitly excluded from receiving tradeable GOs. This policy is intended to prevent producers from receiving both financial support for the renewable attribute and payment from voluntary green electricity buyers. Only unsupported or merchant installations can receive GOs.

Croatia issues GOs for all renewable electricity production, including installations that receive support under the national premium or feed-in tariff scheme. HROTE (Croatian Energy Market Operator) acts as the GO issuing body. Croatia joined the AIB in 2020 and aligns its GO framework with the EECS standard. GOs for supported installations are issued and can be traded; no mandatory transfer to the state or market operator is required.

Latvia issues GOs for all renewable energy production including supported installations. The Public Utilities Commission (SPRK) oversees the regulatory framework while Latvenergo operates aspects of the registry. Latvia participates in the AIB EECS scheme. Supported producers are entitled to receive and trade GOs without mandatory transfer to any state body.

Lithuania issues Guarantees of Origin for renewable energy including state-supported production. LITGRID AB, the Lithuanian transmission system operator, administers the GO registry. Lithuania is a member of the AIB EECS scheme. Supported producers can receive and freely trade their GOs. Lithuanian policy aligns with EU Renewable Energy Directive requirements without additional restrictions on supported producers.

Luxembourg issues Guarantees of Origin for renewable electricity including supported production. The Institut Luxembourgeois de Régulation (ILR) administers the GO registry. Luxembourg participates in the AIB EECS scheme. Supported producers are eligible for GOs and can freely trade them on the European market.

Romania issues GOs for supported renewable production, but GOs from installations receiving green certificates under the Romanian support scheme must be transferred to the issuing body (ANRE). ANRE then manages these GOs separately. The green certificate scheme and GO system are treated as distinct mechanisms. Producers cannot retain and trade GOs while simultaneously receiving green certificate support.

Malta has a very limited renewable energy sector and a nascent GO framework. The Regulator for Energy and Water Services (REWS) is responsible for energy regulation. Malta is not a member of the AIB EECS scheme. The GO market is not fully developed, and issuance for supported production is not systematically addressed.

Norway issues GOs (called Opprinnelsesgarantier) for all renewable electricity production. Norway's electricity system is predominantly hydropower, most of which is not subsidized in the traditional sense. The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) oversees the GO framework, while Statnett operates registry functions. Norway was a pioneer in the European GO market and is a founding member of the AIB. Supported installations are fully eligible for GOs.

Portugal issues GOs for renewable energy production including installations receiving support. ERSE (Entidade Reguladora dos Serviços Energéticos) oversees the Portuguese GO framework. Producers under the feed-in tariff (REFIT) scheme and those under the auction/premium scheme are eligible for GOs. Portugal is a member of the AIB EECS scheme.

Sweden issues GOs for all renewable electricity production. The Energy Markets Inspectorate (Ei) administers the Swedish GO registry. Sweden has a well-developed renewable energy certificate (elcertifikat) market alongside the GO system. Producers can receive both electricity certificates and GOs simultaneously. Sweden is a long-standing member of the AIB EECS scheme and one of the largest GO issuers in Europe.

Switzerland issues GOs (called Herkunftsnachweise/HKN) for all renewable energy production including supported installations. Pronovo AG operates the Swiss GO registry under the oversight of SFOE. Switzerland has an agreement with EU member states for mutual recognition of GOs. Supported installations under the KEV or investment contribution scheme are eligible for GOs.

Serbia has developed a GO framework through AERS (Energy Agency of the Republic of Serbia). Serbia is not an EU member but has adopted elements of the EU energy acquis as part of its accession process. GO issuance for supported renewable production is possible but depends on the support mechanism type. Serbia has observer status with the AIB.

Cyprus has established a GO framework through CERA (Cyprus Energy Regulatory Authority), but the implementation and issuance for supported production remains limited. Cyprus is not a full member of AIB. The GO market in Cyprus is nascent and not fully operational for cross-border trading. N/A reflects the current limited operational status rather than a policy decision against issuance.

Slovakia issues GOs for renewable energy, but eligibility for supported installations depends on the type of support received. Installations under the feed-in tariff receive support for the full value including the renewable attribute, so GOs may not be issued for these. Installations under the market premium may be eligible. URSO (Úrad pre reguláciu sieťových odvetví) administers the Slovak GO registry.

Slovenia issues GOs for all renewable energy production including supported installations. AGEN (Agencija za energijo) administers the Slovenian GO registry. Slovenia participates in the AIB EECS scheme. Supported producers under Slovenian premium support mechanisms are entitled to GOs and can freely trade them on the European market.

Turkey issues GOs for renewable energy production. EPDK (Energy Market Regulatory Authority) oversees the Turkish GO framework. Turkey is not an EU member but has developed its own GO/I-REC system. Supported installations under the YEKDEM (Renewable Energy Support Mechanism) may receive GOs, though specific rules regarding simultaneous support and GO issuance apply.

Spain issues GOs for all renewable energy production including installations receiving support under the specific remuneration regime (RECORE). CNMC (Comisión Nacional de Mercados y la Competencia) administers the Spanish GO registry. Spain is a member of the AIB EECS scheme. Spanish policy allows supported producers to receive and trade GOs.

Greece issues GOs but eligibility depends on the support mechanism. Installations under the feed-in tariff (FIT) are excluded from receiving GOs. Installations under the market premium or operating aid scheme that do not receive full FIT support may be eligible. DAPEEP (Renewable Energy Sources and Guarantees of Origin Operator) administers the registry. Greece is implementing EU Directive 2018/2001 requirements, and the rules are evolving to allow more supported installations access to GOs.

Hungary issues GOs for supported renewable installations, but GOs are transferred to the market operator (MAVIR or the designated entity). The Hungarian Energy and Public Utility Regulatory Authority (MEKH) oversees the GO registry. Supported producers under the METÁR scheme receive their GOs issued but must transfer them to the market operator, which then sells them. Revenues are used to offset support costs. This model is similar to France's approach.

Italy issues GOs for supported renewable production, but applies export restrictions. GOs from incentivized plants (under Conto Energia, FER Decree) can be issued but their export or transfer outside Italy is restricted or subject to specific conditions. GSE manages the Italian GO registry and the incentive schemes. The policy ensures that the environmental benefit associated with state-supported renewable energy remains attributed within the Italian market. The restrictions on export have been subject to EU scrutiny regarding compatibility with the internal energy market.

The United Kingdom does not issue Renewable Energy Guarantees of Origin (REGOs) for installations receiving Contracts for Difference (CfD) support. Ofgem administers the REGO scheme. Installations receiving CfD support have their renewable attribute captured by the CfD mechanism, and issuing a REGO would constitute double-counting. Only ROC installations and non-supported generators can receive REGOs. Post-Brexit, the UK no longer participates in the EU GO system but has its own REGO framework.